Embonini yezemithi, ikhwalithi yamanzi asetshenziswe kwinqubo yokukhiqiza ibaluleke kakhulu. Uhlelo lokwelashwa kwamanzi okhamikhali lungaphezu kokungezwa nje; Kuyingqalasizinda ebalulekile eqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi asezingeni eliphakeme ehlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokulawula kanye nekhwalithi ebekwe yizindikimba ezilawulayo. Njengoba imboni iqhubeka nokukhula, ukubaluleka kwalezi zinhlelo kuyaqhubeka nokukhula, ikakhulukazi ngokukhanya kwenqubekela phambili yakamuva kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezidingo zokulawula.

Ukuqonda Izinhlelo Zokulashwa Kwezemithi

Izinhlelo Zokwelashwa Kwezemithi Zokwelapha AmakhemikhaliImvamisa iqukethe izigaba zokwelashwa eziningi, ngamunye aklanyelwe ukubhekana nokungcola okuthile futhi aqinisekise ukuhlanzeka kwamanzi. Isinyathelo sokuqala kule nqubo eyinkimbinkimbi sivame ukwenziwa njengokuhlekisa, okungabandakanya ubuchwepheshe be-lyration ukuze baqede ama-solids asamisiwe nezinkinga. Lesi sigaba sokuqala sibalulekile ngoba noma yikuphi ukungcola okukhona emanzini kungahlehlisa ubuqotho bomkhiqizo wezemithi.

Ngemuva kokuhlehlisa, uhlelo lusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile njenge-ion Exchange. Le ndlela ibalulekile ukuze kulungiswe ukwakheka kwama-Ionic kwamanzi nokususa amaminerali athile angaphazamisa inqubo yokukhiqiza. I-ION Exchange ayivezi kuphela ikhwalithi yamanzi, kepha futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi ihlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zezicelo ezahlukahlukene embonini yezemithi.

Indima yekhwalithi yamanzi ekukhiqizweni kwemithi

Amanzi ayisakhi esibucayi ekwenziweni kwemithi, esetshenziswa yonke indawo ekwakhekeni kwezidakamizwa emishini yokuhlanza nezinsiza. Izinga lamanzi lithinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo yezemithi. Amanzi angcolisiwe angaholela ekukhunjuleni komkhiqizo, inhlawulo yokulawula, kanye nomonakalo kwidumela lenkampani. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala imali ohlelweni lokwelashwa lwamanzi oluqinile lwamanzi kungaphezu kwesidingo sokulawula; Kuyinto ebalulekile yebhizinisi.

Umkhakha wezemithi ungaphansi komthetho oqinile, kufaka phakathi imithethonqubo ebekwe yi-US Food Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kanye ne-European Medicines Agency (EMA). Lezi zinhlangano zidinga izinkampani ezenza imithi zilandele izindlela ezinhle zokukhiqiza (GMP), ezibandakanya imihlahlandlela yekhwalithi yamanzi eqinile. Uhlelo oluklanywe kahle lokwelashwa kwamanzi lungasiza izinkampani ukuthi zihambisane nale mithethonqubo, ziqinisekise ukuthi amanzi asetshenziswa ezinqubweni zawo angekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu.

Ukuthuthuka kwakamuva kubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwamanzi

Njenge-imboni yezemithiUbuso emuva kwengcindezi yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa izindleko, intuthuko ebukhwini bamanzi bavele njengesixazululo. Ubuchwepheshe obusha njengoMefbrane Filtration, reverse osmosis, kanye ne-ultraviolet (UV) Ukubulala amagciwane sekuyinto evame kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokwelashwa kwamanzi emithi. Lezi zibuchwepheshe azithuthuki nje kuphela ikhwalithi yamanzi, kepha futhi zandisa ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokwelashwa.

Isibonelo, i-membrane filltration iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokususa uhla oluhlukahlukene lokungcola, kufaka phakathi amagciwane, amagciwane kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-organic. Ubuchwepheshe bungahlanganiswa nezinhlelo ezikhona ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwabo futhi baqinisekise ukuhambisana namazinga alawulayo. Ngokufanayo, ukubuyisela emuva kwe-Osmosis kuyinto ubuchwepheshe obunamandla obungakhiqiza amanzi ngamazinga aphansi kakhulu ama-solids ancibilikile, okwenza kube kuhle ngezicelo zemithi.

I-UV disinfection ingenye indlela emihle ethole ukunakwa okuningi eminyakeni yamuva. Le ndlela isebenzisa isibani se-ultraviolet ukuqeda ama-microorganisms emanzini, ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okwengeziwe ekungcolisweni. Ngokufaka lobu buchwepheshe obuthuthukile ezinhlelweni zabo zokwelashwa kwamanzi, izinkampani ezenza imithi zingaqinisekisa ukuthi zikhiqiza amanzi asezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu.

Ukubaluleka kwezinhlelo zokwelashwa kwamanzi kwemithi kuzoqhubeka nokukhula. Njengoba imithi iba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe futhi isidingo semithi esezingeni eliphakeme iyaqhubeka nokukhula, izinkampani kumele zibeke phambili ikhwalithi yamanzi ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza. Lokhu kusho ukutshala imali ezinhlelweni zokwelashwa ezingokomkhathi ezingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokushintsha imithetho kanye namazinga ezimboni.

Ngokwengeziwe, ukuqina kuba ukugxila kokhiye embonini yezemithi. Izinkampani zifuna izindlela zokunciphisa umthelela wazo emvelweni, futhi izinhlelo zokwelashwa kwamanzi zingadlala indima ebalulekile. Ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zokwelashwa ezisebenzayo kanye nokuphinda usebenzise amanzi noma nini lapho kungenzeka, abakhiqizi bezemithi banganciphisa imfucuza futhi banciphise izinsiza ezibalulekile.

Ngokufingqa, auhlelo lokwelashwa kwamanzi omakhemikhalikuyingxenye ebucayi yenqubo yokukhiqiza yezemithi. Kuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi asetshenziselwe ukukhiqizwa ahlangabezana namazinga aphezulu kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela avikele ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo yezidakamizwa. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buqhubekisela phambili kanye nezidingo zokulawula ziyenzeka ngokwengeziwe, ukubaluleka kwalezi zinhlelo kuzokhula kuphela.